the mechanism of electromagnetism is simple, the force f=Ke x e1e2/rr between matters is the carrier of electromagnetism.

there is no field but force between two parallel copper wires at distance r. the repulsion force between electrons on the surface of the two wires. f=Ke x e1e2/rr.

if electrons accelerate in one wire, that repulsion force between electrons on the two wires will accelerate electrons in the other wire. the mechanism of induction.

the repulsion force f=Ke x free electrons on coil 1 x free electrons on coil 2/rr.

there is no field, only electrostatic force at work. f=Ke x e1e2/rr works as the pressure between matters.

Some mater has a special property such.as iron can be easily magnetized by a coil. because the moving electrostatic force in the coil will spin electrons in the iron atom in the core and make those electrons follow the force direction and arrange position as dense/lose/dense/lose formation.

When current accelerating in an iron core transformer coil, that accelerating electric force will accelerating electrons in the iron core, make electrons arranged into dense/loss position along the circle around the core atoms. >>>>> south pile.

If the current changes direction, the electrons in the core will positioning as loss/dense/loss/dense formation along the circle around the core. <<<<< north pole.

A clockwise circling positive/negative force line is stored in south pole plane. a clockwise circling negative/positive force line is stored in north pole plane. We call it a magnetic field.

There is no field but force. The attitude of the dense/loss, the positive/negative arrangement is proportional to the strength of the magnetic force, so-called magnetic field.   

We can say that on the plane of a pole there is a circling force line. The force line is clockwise at the north pole, counterclockwise at the south pole.

When a charged particle is accelerating on the pole plane, the magnetic force induces a force on the particle at the radius direction. there is no field to deflect moving charges but a circle of electric force line. 
in an air core transformer, the electrons on the first coil and second coil always move/accelerate in the same direction at the same rate. the electrons move/vibrate in the first coil, the force between the electrons on the 2 coils f=Ke x e1e2/rr accelerate electrons in the second coil.

from f=ma=e x v=e1 x v1=e2 x v2,

w=i x v=i1 x v1=i2 x v2.  the repulsion force/fiction between the 2 coils         f1d1=f2d2, d is wire length, f is voltage in the wire.

in an iron core coil transformer, the accelerating electrons on the first coil accelerate the electrons on the core, pass along the core to accelerate electrons in the second coil.

the mechanism of electromagnetic induction.


without matters, there is no force. a single matter has no force. force can only exist between matters.

without a test body, where is the electric or magnetic field? where is gravity field?

the mysteries of the universe are within 2 equations.

f=Ke x e1e1/rr and f=G x m1m2/rr.

Those 2 forces rule everything existing.




All charged particles are connected by f=Ke x pq/rr force. All matters are connected by f=G x m1m2/rr. All electrons repel each other by f=Ke x ee/rr.

Those forces are the carrier of energy. Those forces are inherited and work as massless invisible rods that connected all matters all the time.

Current moves back and forth in a conductor, those moving electrons are directly connected with electrons in matters in the sounding space. The repulsion force between the electrons in the current and electrons outside the conductor carry the energy/moving force, 

Free electrons in the surrounding conductors follow that moving force and move in the same direction. This is the true mechanism of em induction.

A verticle antenna carries vertical electrical force that moves up and down in the perpendicular plane.

A verticle coil antenna carries circling electrical force that moves back and forth in a circle in the perpendicular plane.

The mechanism of em wave transmission.