Magnetism

Between two parallel conducting wires at distance R, free electrons are repelling each other with electrostatic force F=Ke x ee/R^. That force conducts emf between the two conductors. If electrons move in one conductor, it will induce an opposite direction emf in another conductor. The strength of the induced emf is inversely proportional to the distance squared.

A magnet carries circular electric force. One pole has clockwise electric force one pole has counterclockwise electric force.

Magnetic force is a circular electric force. A current passing wire does not create a circular magnetic force, it creates an electric force, which lines up with compass/magnet carried electric force line, make the compass move to 90 degrees to the wire.

Every magnetic domain/magton contains 2 atoms. 2 atoms of a ferromagnetic matter before magnetize, we put it as 00. if 1 electron moves from 1 atom to the next atom and stays there as -1+1, the 2 atoms become a magton, it carries a special property now, we call it magnetic force. -1+1, -2+2, -3+3...-n+n are all magtons but carry different magnetic force strength. Same direction magtons attract and opposite direction magtons repel.

Before magnetize, atoms in the magnet are all neutral. After magnetize, atoms become magton line up into concentric rings all across the poles.

Use copper wire winding around a ferromagnetic core, put a current, the electrons in the wire move in circles around the core, induced emf in the core make atoms in the core arrange into magtons as -1+1, -1+1, -1+1 direction all the way through, on the north pole plane, magtons are arranged into clockwise concentric circles of -1+1, -1+1, -1+1 direction. On the south pole plane, magtons are arranged into counterclockwise concentric rings of -1+1, -1+1, -1+1 direction.

Faraday's law of induction is a misinterpretation.

Electromagnetic induction was discovered independently by Michael Faraday in 1831 and Joseph Henry in 1832.[4] Faraday was the first to publish the results of his experiments.[5][6] In Faraday's first experimental demonstration of electromagnetic induction (August 29, 1831),[7] he wrapped two wires around opposite sides of an iron ring (torus) (an arrangement similar to a modern toroidal transformer). Based on his assessment of recently discovered properties of electromagnets, he expected that when current started to flow in one wire, a sort of wave would travel through the ring and cause some electrical effect on the opposite side. He plugged one wire into a galvanometer and watched it as he connected the other wire to a battery. Indeed, he saw a transient current (which he called a "wave of electricity") when he connected the wire to the battery, and another when he disconnected it.[8]:182–183 This induction was due to the change in magnetic flux that occurred when the battery was connected and disconnected. Wiki

There is no magnetic flux. When the current flow in one wire, induced emf in the core make atoms in the core arrange into magtons as -1+1, -1+1, -1+1 direction all the way through, this emf induce a temporary current in other wire. When the battery disconnected, lose of emf in the core cause the magtons to return to atoms, the movement of this electron in the core induces an opposite temporary current again in the other wire.

There is no electromagnetic wave, only electric wave/electrostatic wave. Because magnetic force decays at 1/R^3, light strength decays at 1/R^2.